Anaplasma phagocytophilum
MICROBIOLOGY
- Cause of tick-borne infection in humans.
- Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), formerly known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE).
- The organism is currently known as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (black-legged deer tick) on the Eastern Seaboard and in New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and the Upper Midwest, and on the West Coast by the western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus)—the same vectors as for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi).
- Anaplasma marginale infects cattle.
- Anaplasma bovis, a cattle pathogen, has caused human disease, first reported in Algeria (1936).
- Anaplasma capra is provisionally associated with causing moderate to severe disease in humans.
- Anaplasma bovis-like organism has been described in four patients in the U.S.[3]
- The four patients hailed from Central and Upper Midwest U.S.
- Has been identified in Dermacentor variabliis ticks, so it is a possible vector.
- An obligate, intracellular pathogen that tends to multiply in granulocytes within vacuoles that may form morulae.
- See Ehrlichia spp. module for disease (human monocytic ehrlichiosis [HME] and others) caused by similar tick-borne pathogens.
- Occasionally seen as a Gram-negative organism upon staining.
- The organism is currently known as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (black-legged deer tick) on the Eastern Seaboard and in New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and the Upper Midwest, and on the West Coast by the western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus)—the same vectors as for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi).
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Last updated: June 12, 2024
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G. "Anaplasma Phagocytophilum." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2024. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540609/3.1/Anaplasma_phagocytophilum.
Auwaerter PG. Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540609/3.1/Anaplasma_phagocytophilum. Accessed December 9, 2024.
Auwaerter, P. G. (2024). Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540609/3.1/Anaplasma_phagocytophilum
Auwaerter PG. Anaplasma Phagocytophilum [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. [cited 2024 December 09]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540609/3.1/Anaplasma_phagocytophilum.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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BT - Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
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PB - The Johns Hopkins University
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