Pericarditis

PATHOGENS

Pericarditis causes include infectious, non-infectious (malignancy/metabolic), cardiac procedure-related, drug-induced and immune-mediated, including vaccines (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 vaccines).
Infectious pathogens: a partial listing
- Viruses:
  - Enteroviruses (Coxsackie, Echovirus)
  - HIV (AIDS-associated pericarditis)
  - Influenza
  - Mumps
  - Varicella zoster virus
  - Epstein Barr virus
  - Cytomegalovirus
  - HHV-6
  - Adenovirus
  - SARS-CoV-2
    - Including MIS-C and MIS-A
- Bacteria: in the antibiotic era, increasingly due to mixed infections of oral flora (Peptostreptococcus/ anaerobes)
  - Staphylococcus aureus (most common single-organism cause)
  - Streptococcus pneumoniae
  - Neisseria meningitidis
  - Haemophilus influenzae
  - Salmonella spp
  - Leptospira spp.
  - Providencia stuartii
  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  - Anaerobes
  - Peptostreptococcus
  - Cutibacterium acnes
  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    - Most frequent worldwide, especially in low-resource, endemic countries.
    - Frequently associated with HIV infection.
  - Coxiella burnetti
  - Borrelia burgdorferi (infrequent cause of pericardial effusions)
- Fungal:
  - Coccidioides immitis
  - Histoplasma capsulatum
  - Blastomyces spp.
  - Candida. spp. (immunocompromised pts)
  - Aspergillus. spp. (immunocompromised pts)
  - Cryptococcus neoformans (immunocompromised pts)
- Parasitic:
  - Echinococcus spp.
  - Toxoplasma gondii

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Last updated: December 7, 2024