Pericarditis

PATHOGENS

• Pericarditis causes include infectious, non-infectious (malignancy/metabolic), cardiac procedure-related, drug-induced and immune-mediated, including vaccines (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 vaccines).
• Infectious pathogens: a partial listing
  • Viruses:
    
    • Enteroviruses (Coxsackie, Echovirus)
    • HIV (AIDS-associated pericarditis)
    • Influenza
    • Mumps
    • Varicella zoster virus
    • Epstein Barr virus
    • Cytomegalovirus
    • HHV-6
    • Adenovirus
    • SARS-CoV-2
      • Including MIS-C and MIS-A
  • Bacteria: in the antibiotic era, increasingly due to mixed infections of oral flora (Peptostreptococcus/ anaerobes)
    
    • Staphylococcus aureus (most common single-organism cause)
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Neisseria meningitidis
    • Haemophilus influenzae
    • Salmonella spp
    • Leptospira spp.
    • Providencia stuartii
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Anaerobes
    • Peptostreptococcus
    • Cutibacterium acnes
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      • Most frequent worldwide, especially in low-resource, endemic countries.
      • Frequently associated with HIV infection.
    • Coxiella burnetti
    • Borrelia burgdorferi (infrequent cause of pericardial effusions)
  • Fungal:
    • Coccidioides immitis
    • Histoplasma capsulatum
    • Blastomyces spp.
    • Candida. spp. (immunocompromised pts)
    • Aspergillus. spp. (immunocompromised pts)
    • Cryptococcus neoformans (immunocompromised pts)
  • Parasitic:
    • Echinococcus spp.
    • Toxoplasma gondii