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    Arcanobacterium species

    Paul G. Auwaerter, M.D.
    Arcanobacterium species is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.

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    MICROBIOLOGY

    • Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: is the major human pathogen in this group. Gram positive facultative anaerobe bacillus, not thought to be part of routine human oral or skin flora. Agent mostly causes pharyngitis or soft tissue infections.
      • Organisms are thin, curved and may have rudimentary branching.
      • β-hemolytic, need to evaluate when catalase-negative and and no Lancefield group antigens found (which would indicate non-streptococcal origin).
        • Growth improved on blood-enriched media, 37ºC with 5-10% CO2.
        • Hemolysis best observed on human or horse blood in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. May be overlooked on plates with commensal oral flora.
      • Sometimes Gram variable on staining.
      • Formerly called Corynebacterium hæmolyticum.
      • Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, organism distinguished from Corynebacterium spp.
    • Other Arcanobacterium spp. may occasionally cause human infection.
      • A. pyogenes: mostly an animal pathogen, but an occasional cause of human infection including soft tissues and other sites. Most often described in rural environs.
      • A. bernardiae: non-branching on Gram stain. Rare occurrences described causing bacteremia, musculoskeletal and eye infections.

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    Last updated: September 30, 2015

    Citation

    Auwaerter, Paul G. "Arcanobacterium Species." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2015. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540612/all/Arcanobacterium_species.
    Auwaerter PG. Arcanobacterium species. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2015. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540612/all/Arcanobacterium_species. Accessed April 23, 2019.
    Auwaerter, P. G. (2015). Arcanobacterium species. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. Available from https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540612/all/Arcanobacterium_species
    Auwaerter PG. Arcanobacterium Species [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2015. [cited 2019 April 23]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540612/all/Arcanobacterium_species.
    * Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
    TY - ELEC T1 - Arcanobacterium species ID - 540612 A1 - Auwaerter,Paul,M.D. Y1 - 2015/09/30/ BT - Johns Hopkins ABX Guide UR - https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540612/all/Arcanobacterium_species PB - The Johns Hopkins University DB - Pediatrics Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -