Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)
MICROBIOLOGY
- Group A Streptococcus (GAS), beta-hemolytic--grows on blood agar. See Streptococcal species or S. pneumoniae modules for other streptococci.
- Streptococcus pyogenes, Lancefield group A.
- Gram-positive cocci in chains [Fig 1].
- Ecologic niches are the pharynx, genital mucosa and skin; colonization rates:
- Adults 2-3%
- School children 15-20%
- Virulence depends on proteins that represent toxins, mimic host macromolecules and after immune responses.
- M protein gene (emm) ~100 serotypes
- It may be used to track outbreaks, including invasive infections
- The invasive infections are associated with certain types (emm1, emm3, emm4, emm6, emm12, emm18, emm89).
- M protein gene (emm) ~100 serotypes
- All isolates remain susceptible to beta-lactams; however, worrisome resistance rates to alternative antibiotics are rising (data from 2011-2018 in the U.S.).
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Last updated: March 21, 2023
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G. "Streptococcus Pyogenes (Group A)." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540524/all/Streptococcus_pyogenes__Group_A_.
Auwaerter PG. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A). Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540524/all/Streptococcus_pyogenes__Group_A_. Accessed September 7, 2024.
Auwaerter, P. G. (2023). Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A). In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540524/all/Streptococcus_pyogenes__Group_A_
Auwaerter PG. Streptococcus Pyogenes (Group A) [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2024 September 07]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540524/all/Streptococcus_pyogenes__Group_A_.
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