Streptobacillus moniliformis
Streptobacillus moniliformis is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.
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MICROBIOLOGY
- Pleomorphic, nonencapsulated, branching Gram-negative bacillus [Fig 1].
- Stains irregularly and may be mistaken for Gram-positive pleomorphic rods.
- Grows slowly, so the lab should be notified to hold cultures if clinical suspicion for this pathogen.
- Normal commensal of rodent oropharynx, even healthy pets and laboratory rats.
- Risk of infection after a rat bite may be as high as 10%.
- May also be transmitted to humans by bite/scratch from mice, squirrels, cats, dogs, or pigs.
- A major cause of rat bite fever (RBF; most common cause in the U.S.)
- Spirillum minus also a cause, primarily in Asia; cannot be cultured on synthetic media.
- Spirillum notomytis also a cause, rarely reported.
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MICROBIOLOGY
- Pleomorphic, nonencapsulated, branching Gram-negative bacillus [Fig 1].
- Stains irregularly and may be mistaken for Gram-positive pleomorphic rods.
- Grows slowly, so the lab should be notified to hold cultures if clinical suspicion for this pathogen.
- Normal commensal of rodent oropharynx, even healthy pets and laboratory rats.
- Risk of infection after a rat bite may be as high as 10%.
- May also be transmitted to humans by bite/scratch from mice, squirrels, cats, dogs, or pigs.
- A major cause of rat bite fever (RBF; most common cause in the U.S.)
- Spirillum minus also a cause, primarily in Asia; cannot be cultured on synthetic media.
- Spirillum notomytis also a cause, rarely reported.
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Last updated: December 8, 2019
Citation
Crowell, Trevor A. "Streptobacillus Moniliformis." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540521/all/Streptobacillus_moniliformis.
Crowell TA. Streptobacillus moniliformis. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540521/all/Streptobacillus_moniliformis. Accessed March 31, 2023.
Crowell, T. A. (2019). Streptobacillus moniliformis. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540521/all/Streptobacillus_moniliformis
Crowell TA. Streptobacillus Moniliformis [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2019. [cited 2023 March 31]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540521/all/Streptobacillus_moniliformis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Streptobacillus moniliformis
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PB - The Johns Hopkins University
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