Streptobacillus moniliformis
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MICROBIOLOGY
- Pleomorphic, nonencapsulated, branching Gram-negative bacillus [Fig 1].
- Stains irregularly and may be mistaken for Gram-positive pleomorphic rods.
- Grows slowly, so the lab should be notified to hold cultures if clinical suspicion for this pathogen.
- Normal commensal of rodent oropharynx, even healthy pets and laboratory rats.
- Risk of infection after a rat bite may be as high as 10%.
- May also be transmitted to humans by bite/scratch from mice, squirrels, cats, dogs, or pigs.
- A major cause of rat bite fever (RBF; most common cause in the U.S.)
- Spirillum minus also a cause, primarily in Asia; cannot be cultured on synthetic media.
- Spirillum notomytis also a cause, rarely reported.
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MICROBIOLOGY
- Pleomorphic, nonencapsulated, branching Gram-negative bacillus [Fig 1].
- Stains irregularly and may be mistaken for Gram-positive pleomorphic rods.
- Grows slowly, so the lab should be notified to hold cultures if clinical suspicion for this pathogen.
- Normal commensal of rodent oropharynx, even healthy pets and laboratory rats.
- Risk of infection after a rat bite may be as high as 10%.
- May also be transmitted to humans by bite/scratch from mice, squirrels, cats, dogs, or pigs.
- A major cause of rat bite fever (RBF; most common cause in the U.S.)
- Spirillum minus also a cause, primarily in Asia; cannot be cultured on synthetic media.
- Spirillum notomytis also a cause, rarely reported.
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