Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
PATHOGENS
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Anaerobes (vaginal flora)
- Enteric Gram-negative rods (vaginal flora)
- Mycoplasma genitalium(vaginal flora)
- Gardnerella vaginalis (vaginal flora)
- Haemophilus influenzae (vaginal flora)
- Mycoplasma hominis (vaginal flora)
- Ureaplasma urealyticum(vaginal flora)
- Streptococcus agalactiae(vaginal flora)
- Other less common or rare organisms: Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Actinomyces israelii
PID cases attributable to N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis have declined. It is estimated that < 50% of PID cases are due to either of these organisms[8][5].
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Last updated: March 5, 2023
Citation
Fabre, Valeria. "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540422/2/Pelvic_Inflammatory_Disease__PID_.
Fabre V. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540422/2/Pelvic_Inflammatory_Disease__PID_. Accessed November 3, 2025.
Fabre, V. (2023). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540422/2/Pelvic_Inflammatory_Disease__PID_
Fabre V. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2025 November 03]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540422/2/Pelvic_Inflammatory_Disease__PID_.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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A1 - Fabre,Valeria,M.D.
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BT - Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
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PB - The Johns Hopkins University
DB - Pediatrics Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
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