Norovirus

Christopher J. Hoffmann, M.D., M.P.H.
Norovirus is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.

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MICROBIOLOGY

  • Small, non-enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus.
  • Noroviruses are 1 of 5 genera in the Caliciviridae family.
    • Sapoviruses are another genus in the family that also cause acute gastroenteritis.
  • Noroviruses are grouped into genogroups, numbering six currently known (I, II, and IV cause human infections), further divided into genetic clusters.
    • Genogroup II, genotype 4 (II.4) is most commonly associated with outbreaks and severe disease.
    • Genogroup I generally causes less severe disease and a lower attack rate partly because of an association between ABO blood type and infection.
    • Total 25 genotypes known among GI, GII and GIV.
  • Previously known as "Norwalk-like viruses."

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Last updated: September 16, 2019