Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Lacrimal Infections
PATHOGENS
- Common pathogens:
- Dacryoadenitis (DA):
- Acute: staphylococci, streptococci; rarely N. gonorrhoeae.
- Pediatrics: EBV, mumps, CMV, enteroviruses
- Chronic DA: usually non-infectious and may be idiopathic; consider IgG-4-related disorders. If infectious, consider TB, syphilis, leprosy, cysticercosis, schistosomiasis, sporotrichosis, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis.
- Acute: staphylococci, streptococci; rarely N. gonorrhoeae.
- Canaliculitis (CA):
- Acute: Primary conditions are caused by infections such as Actinomyces, Propionibacterium acnes, streptococcal species, Candida, Aspergillus, Nocardia, HSV, and VZV.
- Many other pathogens are described.
- Secondary CA: due to punctal or intracanalicular plug; common presentation is dry eye syndrome.
- Acute: Primary conditions are caused by infections such as Actinomyces, Propionibacterium acnes, streptococcal species, Candida, Aspergillus, Nocardia, HSV, and VZV.
- Dacryocystitis (DC):
- Acute: staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, H. influenzae.
- Chronic: fungal (Candida, Aspergillus), mycobacteria (TB and MOTT) and non-infectious causes (such as sarcoid).
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Last updated: June 9, 2024
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G. "Lacrimal Infections." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2024. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540303/all/Lacrimal_Infections.
Auwaerter PG. Lacrimal Infections. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540303/all/Lacrimal_Infections. Accessed April 26, 2025.
Auwaerter, P. G. (2024). Lacrimal Infections. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540303/all/Lacrimal_Infections
Auwaerter PG. Lacrimal Infections [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. [cited 2025 April 26]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540303/all/Lacrimal_Infections.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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