Influenza, Avian

Paul G. Auwaerter, M.D.
Influenza, Avian is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.

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PATHOGENS

  • Categorized according to the ability to kill chickens in a laboratory setting:
    • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI):
      • Influenza (H5N1), avian first detected in Chinese geese in 1996
      • Occasional human pathogen since 1997
        • Since 2003, the WHO has reported 239 cases of H5N1 human avian influenza. The last human case described was in 2020 Laos (as of 8/27/21).
    • Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI):
      • Most influenza A H5 types (except H5N1 as above)
        • H5N6 may be an exception; WHO has 36 cases reported to date in 2021, with 21 deaths.
      • Most influenza A H7 types
        • H7N9 (2013-14, 2016-17 China) appears to cause particularly severe human infection (mortality rate ~40%).
        • Types H7N2, H7N3, H7N7 cause of mild-moderate occasional human infection
      • H9N2 (rare human illness, mild)
  • CDC (2021): considers risks for outbreaks of HPAI H5 or H7 viruses in poultry or wild birds as low.

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PATHOGENS

  • Categorized according to the ability to kill chickens in a laboratory setting:
    • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI):
      • Influenza (H5N1), avian first detected in Chinese geese in 1996
      • Occasional human pathogen since 1997
        • Since 2003, the WHO has reported 239 cases of H5N1 human avian influenza. The last human case described was in 2020 Laos (as of 8/27/21).
    • Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI):
      • Most influenza A H5 types (except H5N1 as above)
        • H5N6 may be an exception; WHO has 36 cases reported to date in 2021, with 21 deaths.
      • Most influenza A H7 types
        • H7N9 (2013-14, 2016-17 China) appears to cause particularly severe human infection (mortality rate ~40%).
        • Types H7N2, H7N3, H7N7 cause of mild-moderate occasional human infection
      • H9N2 (rare human illness, mild)
  • CDC (2021): considers risks for outbreaks of HPAI H5 or H7 viruses in poultry or wild birds as low.

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Last updated: October 10, 2021