Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Hepatitis D
MICROBIOLOGY
- Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus, Hepatitis delta virus. It cannot replicate on its own in the human host.
- Enveloped, circular RNA.
- 8 HDV genotypes described with similar transmission and risk groups.
- HDV genotype 1: mostly seen in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
- HDV genotype 2: East Asia
- HDV genotype 3: only in the Amazon Basin
- HDV genotypes 5, 6, 7, and 8: West and Central Africa.
- HDV requires active hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.
- Either super-infection or co-infection scenarios with HBV can occur
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Last updated: January 13, 2023
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul. "Hepatitis D." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540266/all/Hepatitis_D.
Auwaerter P. Hepatitis D. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540266/all/Hepatitis_D. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Auwaerter, P. (2023). Hepatitis D. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540266/all/Hepatitis_D
Auwaerter P. Hepatitis D [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540266/all/Hepatitis_D.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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