Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Diarrhea, Acute (Community-Acquired)
PATHOGENS
Most common pathogens:
- Bacterial
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Salmonella species
- E. coli: multiple classified by mechanism
- Most important are enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) or Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC).
- The most common STEC is E. coli 0157:H7
- Most important are enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) or Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC).
- Shigella species
- Yersinia spp. (non-plague)
- Vibrio spp.
- Cryptosporidia and Isospora
- Listeria
- E. histolytica
- Plesiomonas shigelloides(controversial)
- C. difficile
- Aeromonas species (2% of traveler’s diarrhea, usually watery diarrhea with fever and abdominal cramps)
- Parasites: more typical to consider with diarrhea lasting > 14d (sub-acute or chronic).
- Viral:
- Norovirus (a leading cause)
- Adenovirus
- Astrovirus
- Coronavirus
- Enterovirus
- Calicivirus
- Rotavirus
- Non-infectious causes: adverse drug reactions (e.g., antibiotic-associated), irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), radiation or ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel obstruction, small bowel overgrowth, laxative abuse, collagen colitis, tube feeding and endocrine disorders among others.
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Last updated: February 8, 2023
Citation
Fabre, Valeria. "Diarrhea, Acute (Community-Acquired)." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540165/all/Diarrhea__Acute__Community_Acquired_.
Fabre V. Diarrhea, Acute (Community-Acquired). Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540165/all/Diarrhea__Acute__Community_Acquired_. Accessed November 21, 2024.
Fabre, V. (2023). Diarrhea, Acute (Community-Acquired). In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540165/all/Diarrhea__Acute__Community_Acquired_
Fabre V. Diarrhea, Acute (Community-Acquired) [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2024 November 21]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540165/all/Diarrhea__Acute__Community_Acquired_.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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PB - The Johns Hopkins University
DB - Pediatrics Central
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