Direct Observation
BASICS
- Definition: the process of observing a learner (e.g., student, resident) during an actual patient encounter for the purpose of assessing clinical skills and giving feedback after
- Aim: to help preceptors gather accurate information about a learner’s performance in real-life clinical scenarios
- Assessment: areas of communication skills, history taking, physical exam techniques, information giving, procedural skills, professionalism, all focused on competency-based assessment
- Direct observation: supports assessment of “does” at the top of Miller’s pyramid for assessing clinical competence rather than simply “show how” or “know how”
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Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Direct Observation." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 9th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2025. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618180/all/Direct_Observation.
Direct Observation. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2025. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618180/all/Direct_Observation. Accessed July 11, 2026.
Direct Observation. (2025). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), 5-Minute Pediatric Consult (9th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618180/all/Direct_Observation
Direct Observation [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2025. [cited 2026 July 11]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618180/all/Direct_Observation.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Direct Observation
ID - 618180
ED - Cabana,Michael D,
BT - 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
UR - https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618180/all/Direct_Observation
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 9
DB - Pediatrics Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -

5-Minute Pediatric Consult

