Pleural Effusion Tables and Figures
Characteristics of the Three Stages of Parapneumonic Pleural Effusions
Exudative Stage | Fibrinolytic Stage | Organizing Stage (Empyema) | |
---|---|---|---|
Appearance | Nonpurulent, not turbid | Nonpurulent, not turbid | Purulent, turbid |
Fluid consistency | Free-flowing | Loculated | Organized |
Gram stain and culture results | Negative | Transitional | Positive (before antibiotic treatment) |
Glucose | >100 mg/dL | <50 mg/dL | <50 mg/dL |
Protein | <3 g/dL | >3 g/dL | >3 g/dL |
pH | >7.30 | <7.30 | <7.30 |
WBCs | Few | PMNs | PMNs |
PMNs, polymorphonuclear neutrophils; WBCs, white blood cells.
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Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Pleural Effusion Tables and Figures." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618130/all/Pleural_Effusion_Tables_and_Figures.
Pleural Effusion Tables and Figures. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618130/all/Pleural_Effusion_Tables_and_Figures. Accessed October 3, 2024.
Pleural Effusion Tables and Figures. (2019). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), 5-Minute Pediatric Consult (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618130/all/Pleural_Effusion_Tables_and_Figures
Pleural Effusion Tables and Figures [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2024 October 03]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618130/all/Pleural_Effusion_Tables_and_Figures.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Pleural Effusion Tables and Figures
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