5-Minute Pediatric Consult
Dyspnea
Dyspnea is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Pediatric Consult.
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Basics
Description
A subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that varies in intensity
Pathophysiology
Abnormality in one of the following elements:
- Respiratory controller (breathing rate, depth)
- Ventilatory pump (chest wall, pleura, airways)
- Gas exchanger (alveoli, capillaries)
- Cardiovascular derangements (cardiac output)
Etiology
- Respiratory
- Upper airway
- Infection (croup, tracheitis, peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis)
- Foreign body
- Anaphylaxis
- Anatomic abnormalities
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)/paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM)
- Lower airway
- Asthma
- Aspiration
- Airway malacia
- Hemorrhage
- Internal/external fixed compression (tumor, cyst, vascular)
- Parenchymal lung disease
- Infection (viral, bacterial, fungal)
- Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
- Atelectasis
- Chronic lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], cystic fibrosis)
- Chest wall disorder
- Neuromuscular weakness (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD], spinal muscular atrophy [SMA])
- Scoliosis
- Pectus excavatum
- Pleural
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Upper airway
- Cardiovascular
- Cardiac
- Elevated pulmonary venous pressure
- Congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Vascular
- Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
- Pulmonary embolism (PE)
- Cardiac
- Toxic/metabolic
- Metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], salicylate intoxication, renal tubular acidosis [RTA])
- Renal failure causing fluid overload
- Other
- Anemia
- Deconditioning
- Obesity
- Panic attack
- Pregnancy
- Trauma
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
A subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that varies in intensity
Pathophysiology
Abnormality in one of the following elements:
- Respiratory controller (breathing rate, depth)
- Ventilatory pump (chest wall, pleura, airways)
- Gas exchanger (alveoli, capillaries)
- Cardiovascular derangements (cardiac output)
Etiology
- Respiratory
- Upper airway
- Infection (croup, tracheitis, peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis)
- Foreign body
- Anaphylaxis
- Anatomic abnormalities
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)/paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM)
- Lower airway
- Asthma
- Aspiration
- Airway malacia
- Hemorrhage
- Internal/external fixed compression (tumor, cyst, vascular)
- Parenchymal lung disease
- Infection (viral, bacterial, fungal)
- Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
- Atelectasis
- Chronic lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], cystic fibrosis)
- Chest wall disorder
- Neuromuscular weakness (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD], spinal muscular atrophy [SMA])
- Scoliosis
- Pectus excavatum
- Pleural
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Upper airway
- Cardiovascular
- Cardiac
- Elevated pulmonary venous pressure
- Congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Vascular
- Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
- Pulmonary embolism (PE)
- Cardiac
- Toxic/metabolic
- Metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], salicylate intoxication, renal tubular acidosis [RTA])
- Renal failure causing fluid overload
- Other
- Anemia
- Deconditioning
- Obesity
- Panic attack
- Pregnancy
- Trauma
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Dyspnea." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617624/all/Dyspnea.
Dyspnea. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617624/all/Dyspnea. Accessed March 28, 2023.
Dyspnea. (2019). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), 5-Minute Pediatric Consult (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617624/all/Dyspnea
Dyspnea [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2023 March 28]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617624/all/Dyspnea.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Dyspnea
ID - 617624
ED - Cabana,Michael D,
BT - 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
UR - https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617624/all/Dyspnea
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 8
DB - Pediatrics Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
