Dyspnea
To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription.
Pediatrics Central™ is an all-in-one application that puts valuable medical information, via your mobile device or the web, in the hands of clinicians treating infants, children, and adolescents. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Basics
Description
A subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that varies in intensity
Pathophysiology
Abnormality in one of the following elements:
- Respiratory controller (breathing rate, depth)
- Ventilatory pump (chest wall, pleura, airways)
- Gas exchanger (alveoli, capillaries)
- Cardiovascular derangements (cardiac output)
Etiology
- Respiratory
- Upper airway
- Infection (croup, tracheitis, peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis)
- Foreign body
- Anaphylaxis
- Anatomic abnormalities
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)/paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM)
- Lower airway
- Asthma
- Aspiration
- Airway malacia
- Hemorrhage
- Internal/external fixed compression (tumor, cyst, vascular)
- Parenchymal lung disease
- Infection (viral, bacterial, fungal)
- Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
- Atelectasis
- Chronic lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], cystic fibrosis)
- Chest wall disorder
- Neuromuscular weakness (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD], spinal muscular atrophy [SMA])
- Scoliosis
- Pectus excavatum
- Pleural
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Upper airway
- Cardiovascular
- Cardiac
- Elevated pulmonary venous pressure
- Congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Vascular
- Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
- Pulmonary embolism (PE)
- Cardiac
- Toxic/metabolic
- Metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], salicylate intoxication, renal tubular acidosis [RTA])
- Renal failure causing fluid overload
- Other
- Anemia
- Deconditioning
- Obesity
- Panic attack
- Pregnancy
- Trauma
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
A subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that varies in intensity
Pathophysiology
Abnormality in one of the following elements:
- Respiratory controller (breathing rate, depth)
- Ventilatory pump (chest wall, pleura, airways)
- Gas exchanger (alveoli, capillaries)
- Cardiovascular derangements (cardiac output)
Etiology
- Respiratory
- Upper airway
- Infection (croup, tracheitis, peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis)
- Foreign body
- Anaphylaxis
- Anatomic abnormalities
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)/paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM)
- Lower airway
- Asthma
- Aspiration
- Airway malacia
- Hemorrhage
- Internal/external fixed compression (tumor, cyst, vascular)
- Parenchymal lung disease
- Infection (viral, bacterial, fungal)
- Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
- Atelectasis
- Chronic lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], cystic fibrosis)
- Chest wall disorder
- Neuromuscular weakness (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD], spinal muscular atrophy [SMA])
- Scoliosis
- Pectus excavatum
- Pleural
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Upper airway
- Cardiovascular
- Cardiac
- Elevated pulmonary venous pressure
- Congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Vascular
- Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
- Pulmonary embolism (PE)
- Cardiac
- Toxic/metabolic
- Metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], salicylate intoxication, renal tubular acidosis [RTA])
- Renal failure causing fluid overload
- Other
- Anemia
- Deconditioning
- Obesity
- Panic attack
- Pregnancy
- Trauma
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.