Edema
Basics
Description
Presence of abnormal amount of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body; usually secondary to low albumin, obstruction of venous or lymphatic channels, or trauma
Pathophysiology
- Altered capillary hemodynamics
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- Increased capillary permeability
- Lymphatic obstruction or dysfunction
Etiology
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- Congestive heart failure
- Pericardial effusion
- Kidney disease (due to retention of salt and water)
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Acute kidney injury
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cirrhosis
- Venous obstruction
- Superior vena cava syndrome
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- Inadequate intake/production of protein
- Protein malnutrition
- Liver disease
- Excessive losses of protein
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Protein-losing enteropathy
- Inadequate intake/production of protein
- Increased capillary permeability
- Sepsis
- Lymphatic obstruction
- Congenital lymphatic malformations
- Obstruction from tumor
- Filariasis
- Radiation therapy
- Medications (calcium channel blockers, vasodilators)
Commonly Associated Conditions
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Congestive heart failure
- Liver disease
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Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Edema." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617623/all/Edema.
Edema. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617623/all/Edema. Accessed December 12, 2024.
Edema. (2019). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), 5-Minute Pediatric Consult (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617623/all/Edema
Edema [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2024 December 12]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617623/all/Edema.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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BT - 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
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