Dysuria

Basics

Description

Symptoms of pain and/or burning on urination

Etiology

  • Infectious
    • Cystitis
      • Bacterial
      • Viral
      • Interstitial
    • Pyelonephritis
    • Urethritis
      • Viral infection
      • Herpes simplex
      • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      • Chlamydia trachomatis
    • Balanitis/balanoposthitis
    • Vaginitis
      • Candida albicans
      • Group A Streptococcus
      • Shigella species
    • Cervicitis
    • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
    • Varicella
    • Tuberculosis
    • Pin worms
      • Pruritus rather than true dysuria
  • Congenital/anatomic
    • Urethral stricture
    • Meatal stenosis
    • Labial adhesions
    • Lichen sclerosis
    • Posterior urethral diverticula
    • Vesicovaginal fistula
    • Virginal vaginal ulcers
    • Passage of gross hematuria
  • Trauma
    • Masturbation
    • Sexual abuse
    • Foreign body
    • Diaper dermatitis
    • Bicycle injury
    • Irritation (e.g., sand, tight pants)
  • Toxic/environmental/drugs
    • Bubble baths
    • Detergents
    • Fabric softeners
    • Perfumed soaps
    • Spermicides/douches
    • Cyclophosphamide
  • Urolithiasis
    • Hypercalciuria
    • Hyperoxaluria
    • Hyperuricosuria
    • Cystinuria (autosomal recessive)
  • Systemic illnesses
    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
    • Behçet syndrome
    • Reactive arthritis
    • Food allergy
    • Contact dermatitis
  • Functional
    • Dysfunctional voiding
    • Psychogenic
  • Tumor
    • Sarcoma botryoides

Pathophysiology

  • Muscular contraction of the bladder and peristaltic activity of the urethra
    • Stimulates pain fibers in inflamed mucosa
  • Pain when urine contacts inflamed mucosa

Commonly Associated Conditions

  • Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)
  • Kidney stones

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