Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Basics
Description
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional GI tract disorder where defecation is disordered and associated with abdominal discomfort.
- IBS is characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation
- Symptoms of IBS do not result from inflammatory, infectious, metabolic, or anatomic causes. However, there can be overlap with other conditions.
- Symptoms typically exacerbated by stress or particular foods (i.e., spices, fatty foods, caffeine, certain carbohydrates, etc.).
Epidemiology
- 10–15% of the general population is affected to some degree by IBS.
- Prevalence estimates vary based on whether the study is community-based or practice-based.
- Higher estimates in the community reflect the fact that many people do not seek medical care for their IBS symptoms.
- Prevalence is also based on whether Manning, Rome II, or Rome III criteria are used.
- More common in females
- IBS occurs in children.
- 6% of middle school students
- 14% of high school students
Risk Factors
- Prior history of bacterial enteritis
- History of abuse or trauma
Pathophysiology
- IBS considered a disorder of GI function relating to motility, sensation, and/or perception
- Best model is a biopsychosocial construct with dysregulation of the gut-brain homeostasis affected bidirectionally by both peripheral and central factors.
- The pathogenesis of IBS is believed to be multifactorial and include the following:
- Abnormal gut motility
- Genetics
- Bacterial overgrowth
- Visceral hypersensitivity
- Behavioral response
- Microscopic inflammation
- Dysregulation of brain-gut axis
- Malabsorption
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Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Irritable Bowel Syndrome." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617394/6/Irritable_Bowel_Syndrome.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617394/6/Irritable_Bowel_Syndrome. Accessed September 7, 2024.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome. (2019). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), 5-Minute Pediatric Consult (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617394/6/Irritable_Bowel_Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2024 September 07]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617394/6/Irritable_Bowel_Syndrome.
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