Pulmonary Hypertension
Basics
Description
Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
Epidemiology
Incidence
Incidence in children is unknown.
Pathophysiology
- Structural alterations in pulmonary vessel architecture (remodeling)
- Smooth muscle hypertrophy
- Extension of blood vessel’s smooth muscle into smaller vessels
- Inflammation
Etiology
- Hypoxemia-induced pulmonary hypertension
- Chronic lung disease
- Cystic fibrosis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Interstitial lung disease
- Diaphragmatic hernia with secondary pulmonary hypoplasia
- Upper airway obstruction
- Tonsillar and/or adenoid hypertrophy
- Obesity
- Hypoventilation
- Neurologically mediated process
- Secondary to muscular weakness
- High pulmonary blood flow secondary to left-to-right shunting (seen in congenital heart disease)
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Atrial septal defect
- Ventricular septal defect
- Left-sided cardiac disorders that increase pulmonary venous pressure
- Left ventricular failure
- Mitral valve stenosis
- Obstructed anomalous pulmonary veins
- Occlusion of pulmonary vessels
- Sickle cell disease
- Veno-occlusive disease
- Thromboembolism
- Pulmonary vasculitis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Scleroderma
- Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
- Idiopathic cases (primary pulmonary hypertension)
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Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Pulmonary Hypertension." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617292/all/Pulmonary_Hypertension.
Pulmonary Hypertension. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617292/all/Pulmonary_Hypertension. Accessed October 10, 2024.
Pulmonary Hypertension. (2019). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), 5-Minute Pediatric Consult (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617292/all/Pulmonary_Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2024 October 10]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617292/all/Pulmonary_Hypertension.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Pulmonary Hypertension
ID - 617292
ED - Cabana,Michael D,
BT - 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
UR - https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617292/all/Pulmonary_Hypertension
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 8
DB - Pediatrics Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
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