Headache and Migraine
Basics
Description
- Primary headache: headache without an identifiable underlying etiology; includes but not limited to migraine, tension headache, cluster headache, and other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias; may be episodic or chronic in nature
- Secondary headache: headache attributed to an identifiable underlying etiology
- Other: unusual headaches, especially in children, that include various cranial neuralgias and central and primary facial pain
Epidemiology
- Headache prevalence can approach 30–50% by school age, 60–80% by early adolescence, and as high as 85–90% by adulthood.
- Tension-type headache is most common type of headache, with migraine second.
- Mean age of onset for migraine is 7 years for boys and 11 years for girls. Migraine precursors such as abdominal migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood can be seen even younger. These may transform into migraines by puberty.
- Overall migraine reported prevalence ranges between 8% and 23%. Suspicion is that migraine prevalence may be as high as 30–35% due to underreporting. Prevalence of chronic daily headache in younger children is 2–4% and 4–5% in adolescence/adulthood.
- Until puberty, migraines more common in males (55–60%), postpuberty in females (75%)
Risk Factors
Ethnicity plays a role, with majority of reported chronic migraine sufferers being Caucasian.
Genetics
Genetics plays a role with some reports of 90% family history noted. Genes have been identified for some migraine subtypes including familial hemiplegic migraine and migraine with brainstem aura.
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.
Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Headache and Migraine." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617196/all/Headache_and_Migraine.
Headache and Migraine. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617196/all/Headache_and_Migraine. Accessed November 12, 2024.
Headache and Migraine. (2019). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), 5-Minute Pediatric Consult (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617196/all/Headache_and_Migraine
Headache and Migraine [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2024 November 12]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617196/all/Headache_and_Migraine.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Headache and Migraine
ID - 617196
ED - Cabana,Michael D,
BT - 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
UR - https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617196/all/Headache_and_Migraine
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 8
DB - Pediatrics Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -