Japanese Encephalitis Virus
MICROBIOLOGY
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus similar to the St. Louis encephalitis virus, Zika, Murray Valley encephalitis, yellow fever, Dengue, and West Nile virus.[9]
- JEV is a single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA virus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes in tropical and temperate areas.[8]
- Wild birds are natural hosts, and domestic pigs, wading birds, and bats are amplifying hosts.
- Blood transfusion and organ transplantation are potential modes of transmission.
- JEV is endemic in Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands, causing about 70,000 cases of infection and 14,000-20,000 deaths per year worldwide.[16]
- CDC list of countries: https://www.cdc.gov/japaneseencephalitis/maps/index.html
- The recent detection of JEV in multiple commercial piggeries across four temperate southern Australian states led to a "Communicable Disease Incident of National Significance" declaration on March 4, 2022.
- Australian public health authorities report a sentinel case of lethal viral panencephalitis in a 45-year-old, at least 40 cases of infection, and five deaths.[7][3][4]
- https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/images/japanese-encephalitis-australia-map.png
- The risk of infection is estimated at 1/5000 per month of travel to rural areas of Asia where transmission occurs.
- In temperate Asia, the incidence of cases peaks in summer and fall.
- In the tropics or subtropics, transmission occurs in wet seasons but may occur year-round.
- Emerging risk in southern Europe via C. pipiens with JEV sequences found in mosquitoes and birds in Italy.[10]
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Last updated: April 19, 2023
Citation
Spacek, Lisa A. "Japanese Encephalitis Virus." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540297/all/Japanese_Encephalitis_Virus.
Spacek LA. Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540297/all/Japanese_Encephalitis_Virus. Accessed October 15, 2024.
Spacek, L. A. (2023). Japanese Encephalitis Virus. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540297/all/Japanese_Encephalitis_Virus
Spacek LA. Japanese Encephalitis Virus [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2024 October 15]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540297/all/Japanese_Encephalitis_Virus.
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