Acute Chest Syndrome/Sickle Cell Disease

Sophie Lanzkron, M.D.

PATHOGENS

The most common etiologies of acute chest syndrome are:
- Unknown (46%)
- Infarction (16%)
- Fat embolism (9%)
- Chlamydia pneumoniae (7%)
- Mycoplasma pneumonia (7%)
- Viruses (6%)
  - Respiratory syncytial virus (mostly in children)
  - Parvovirus B19
  - Rhinovirus
  - Parainfluenza virus
  - Influenza A or B
  - Cytomegalovirus (primary infection)
  - Epstein-Barr Virus (primary infection)
  - Herpes simplex virus
  - Adenovirus
  - SARS-CoV-2
- Other bacteria (5%)
  - Staphylococcus aureus
  - Streptococcus pneumoniae
  - Mycoplasma hominis
  - Haemophilus influenza
  - Legionella pneumophila
  - E. Coli
  - Pseudomonas
  - Mixed infections (4%)
- Rare causes: Mycobacteria: M. tuberculosis, M. avium complex, beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella species, Serratia marcescens

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