Respiratory tract infections: In the returned traveler

PATHOGENS

Multiple pathogens possible, partial listing:

• Viral:
  • Rhinoviruses; coronaviruses; parainfluenza viruses; respiratory syncytial virus; adenovirus, influenza A and B viruses; Coxsackie viruses; echoviruses; herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2; Epstein Barr virus; cytomegalovirus; human metapneumovirus (hMPV); novel human coronavirus (agent of SARS); Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV); avian influenza A (H7N9) and A (H5N1), severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID)
• Bacterial:
  • Group A, C, G streptococcal disease; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Yersinia enterocolitica; Y. pestis; Burkholderia pseudomallei; Francisella tularensis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Fungal:
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis; Coccidioides immitis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum
• Parasitic:
  • Ascaris lumbricoides ; Strongyloides stercoralis; Echinococcus granulosis; E. multilocularis; Paragonimus westermani; Entamoeba histolytica.