Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia

Paul G. Auwaerter, M.D.

PATHOGENS

S. aureus: MRSA > MSSA
Gram-negative bacilli: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp. and others
- Most recently dreaded: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter.
Legionella spp: may arise from institutional water/heating/cooling; consider nosocomial outbreak
Anaerobes (aspiration rarely cultured anaerobically due to the need for uncontaminated specimen sources)
Viruses (nosocomial): influenza, RSV, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV-2

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