Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia

Paul G. Auwaerter, M.D.

Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.

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PATHOGENS

S. aureus: MRSA > MSSA
Gram-negative bacilli: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp. and others
- Most recent dreaded: carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE), multidrug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter
Legionella spp: may arise from institutional water/heating/cooling, consider nosocomial epidemic
Anaerobes (aspiration rarely cultured due to need for uncontaminated specimen sources)
Viruses (nosocomial): influenza, RSV, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV-2

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PATHOGENS

S. aureus: MRSA > MSSA
Gram-negative bacilli: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp. and others
- Most recent dreaded: carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE), multidrug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter
Legionella spp: may arise from institutional water/heating/cooling, consider nosocomial epidemic
Anaerobes (aspiration rarely cultured due to need for uncontaminated specimen sources)
Viruses (nosocomial): influenza, RSV, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV-2

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