Osteomyelitis, Acute

PATHOGENS

• Staphylococcus aureus (most common)
• Coagulase-negative staphylococci
• Streptococcus species
• Enterococcus
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Escherichia coli
• Salmonella species
• Serratia species
• Kingella kingae
  • Pediatric > adults
• Other Gram-negative enteric bacilli
• Much less common:
  • Anaerobes
  • Cutibacterium acnes
  • Fungi
  • Mycobacteria
  • Brucella)
• Some typical settings:
  • Hardware [S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (more with chronic), C. acnes (more commonly chronic presentation)]
  • IV drug use (S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Serratia)
  • Sickle cell (Salmonella)
  • Diabetes (Group B strep)
  • Nail through sneaker (Pseudomonas)
  • Human bite (Eikenella)
  • Animal bite (Pasteurella)
  • Urinary tract infection or GU manipulation (E.coli, Proteus, other Gram-negative bacilli)