Myocarditis

PATHOGENS

• Viral: coxsackie A or B, echoviruses, HIV, adenovirus, HHV-6, polio, mumps, rubeola, influenza A or B, parainfluenza, rabies, rubella, dengue, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, varicella zoster, CMV, EBV, vaccinia, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, RSV, parvovirus B19, yellow fever, chikungunya virus.
• Bacterial/rickettsial: C. diphtheriae, C. perfringens, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, S. pyogenes (toxin-mediated, acute rheumatic fever), S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Salmonella, H. influenzae, Brucella, S. aureus, Listeria, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia spp., Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Vibrio cholerae, Leptospira spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, .
• Fungi: Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Coccidioides
• Parasites: Trypanosoma cruzi, T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense, T. spiralis, Toxoplasma gondii, Schistomsoma species, visceral larval migrans
• Other: idiopathic, collagen vascular disease, thyrotoxicosis, TTP, peripartum, radiation induced, cocaine, drug-induced, heavy metals, pheochromocytoma, giant cell myocarditis, sarcoid, Kawasaki disease, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccines (especially smallpox).