Hemorrhagic fever viruses
Paul G. Auwaerter, M.D.
PATHOGENS
PATHOGENS
PATHOGENS
All are RNA viruses, members of five families: most viruses require vectors for transmission, usually arthropod- or rodent-borne.
- Arenaviridae: usually rodent-borne, divided into two groups.
- New World or Tacribe complex, examples
- Junin virus, cause of Argentine hemorrhagic fever
- Machupo virus, described in Bolivia
- Guanarito virus, Venezuela
- Sabia virus, Brazil:
- Chapare virus, Bolivia
- Old World
- Lassa fever virus
- West Africa (most cases in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Nigeria)
- Lujo virus South Africa
- Bunyaviridae: typically arthropod-borne
- Filoviridae: cause of disease in humans and non-human primates. Zoonotic transmission likely, reservoir debated, though person-person spread responsible for most cases after index patient.
- Ebola virus: six species identified (four cause disease in humans: Ebola, Sudan, Taï Forest, Bundibugyo), Africa
- Marburg virus: Africa
- Flaviviridae: arthropod-borne, primarily ticks and mosquitoes
- Dengue fever virus is mosquito-borne worldwide in tropical, subtropical climates.
- Yellow fever virus: mosquito-borne, Africa, tropical Americas
- Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus: tick-borne, Egypt, Saudi Arabia
- Kyasanur Forest fever virus: tick-borne, India, Karnataka state
- Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus: tick-borne with rodent reservoir, Central Asia, western Siberia
- Phleboviridae
- Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS): tick-borne, China
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