Pronunciation:
o-sel-tam-i-vir
Trade Name(s)
Ther. Class.
Pharm. Class.
neuraminidase inhibitors
Inhibits the enzyme neuraminidase, which may alter virus particle aggregation and release.
Therapeutic Effect(s):
Reduced duration or prevention of flu-related symptoms.
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract; 75% reaches systemic circulation as the active drug.
Distribution: Well distributed to tissues.
Metabolism and Excretion: Rapidly metabolized by the liver to oseltamivir carboxylate, the active drug. >99% excreted unchanged in urine.
Half-life: Oseltamivir carboxylate: 6–10 hr.
TIME/ACTION PROFILE (plasma concentrations)
ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
---|---|---|---|
PO | unknown | unknown | 12 hr |
Contraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
GI: nausea, vomiting
Neuro: abnormal behavior, agitation, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, insomnia, nightmares, SEIZURES, vertigo
Resp: bronchitis
* CAPITALS indicate life-threatening.
Underline indicate most frequent.
Drug-Drug
May ↓ the therapeutic effect of influenza virus vaccine ; avoid use 2 days prior to and 2 wk after vaccine administration.
Treatment of Influenza
PO (Adults and Children ≥13 yr): 75 mg twice daily for 5 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and >40 kg): 75 mg twice daily for 5 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and 23.1–40 kg): 60 mg twice daily for 5 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and 15.1–23 kg): 45 mg twice daily for 5 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and ≤15 kg): 30 mg twice daily for 5 days.
PO (Infants 2 wk–<1 yr): 3 mg/kg/dose twice daily for 5 days.
Renal Impairment
PO (Adults): CCr 30–60 mL/min: 30 mg twice daily for 5 days; CCr 10–30 mL/min: 30 mg once daily for 5 days; CCr ≥10 mL/min and on hemodialysis: 30 mg after each hemodialysis session (not to exceed 5 days); CCr ≥10 mL/min and on peritoneal dialysis: 30-mg single dose immediately after a dialysis exchange; CCr <10 mL/min and not on dialysis: Not recommended.
Influenza Prevention
PO (Adults and Children ≥13 yr): 75 mg once daily for ≥10 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and >40 kg): 75 mg once daily for 10 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and 23.1–40 kg): 60 mg once daily for 10 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and 15.1–23 kg): 45 mg once daily for 10 days.
PO (Children 1–12 yr and ≤15 kg): 30 mg once daily for 10 days.
Renal Impairment
PO (Adults): CCr 30–60 mL/min: 30 mg once daily for ≥10 days; CCr 10–30 mL/min: 30 mg every other day for ≥10 days; CCr ≥10 mL/min and on hemodialysis: 30 mg after alternate hemodialysis sessions (treatment duration ≥10 days); CCr ≥10 mL/min and on peritoneal dialysis: 30 mg once weekly immediately after a dialysis exchange (treatment duration ≥10 days); CCr <10 mL/min and not on dialysis: Not recommended.
Capsules: 30 mg, 45 mg, 75 mg
Oral suspension (tutti-frutti flavor): 6 mg/mL
Treatment with oseltamivir should be started as soon as possible from the first sign of flu symptoms within 2 days of exposure.
Reduced duration or prevention of flu-related symptoms.
oseltamiviris the Pediatrics Central Word of the day!