Gastritis
Basics
Basics
Basics
Description
Description
Description
Macro or microscopic inflammation of mucosa of stomach
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
- 8 out of every 1,000 people are estimated to have gastritis.
- >2% of ICU patients have heavy bleeding secondary to gastritis.
Etiology
Etiology
Etiology
- Common causes
- Physiologic stress (e.g., chronic disease, CNS disease, overwhelming sepsis, ICU patients)
- Peptic disease
- Drug-induced (e.g., NSAIDs, steroids, valproate; more rarely, iron, calcium salts, potassium chloride, antibiotics)
- Infection
- Helicobacter pylori (children more likely to have more severe gastritis, specifically located in antrum of stomach)
- Tuberculosis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Parasites
- Celiac disease: lymphocytic gastritis
- Major surgery; severe burns; renal, liver, respiratory failure; severe trauma
- Caustic ingestions (e.g., lye, strong acids, pine oil)
- Protein sensitivity (e.g., cow’s milk-protein allergy), allergic enteropathy
- Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
- Crohn disease:
- Up to 40% of Crohn patients have gastroduodenal involvement.
- Gastric Crohn disease may manifest itself as highly focal, non-H. pylori, nongranulomatous gastritis.
- Direct trauma (nasogastric tubes)
- Ethanol
- Idiopathic
- Less common causes:
- Radiation induced
- Hypertrophic gastritis (Ménétrier disease)
- Autoimmune gastritis
- Collagenous gastritis
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- Vascular injury
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