Syncope

Basics

Description

Transient loss of consciousness, typically lasting no longer than 1 to 2 minutes, due to a transient drop in cerebral perfusion pressure

General Prevention

Avoiding circumstances predisposing to the most common form of syncope (vasovagal)
Sitting or lying down when warning signs occur
Maintaining adequate hydration, especially during illness/exertion

Pathophysiology

Most common mechanism is vasovagal or neurocardiogenic, in which a variety of stimuli and conditions—pain, heat, dehydrated state, emotional upset, carotid pressure—trigger increased vagal tone, leading to slowed heart rate, peripheral vasodilation, and decreased cerebral perfusion.

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